Amended by APA Council of Representatives, August 2015. Adopted by APA Council of Representatives, August 2013. Policy Related to Psychologists' Work in National Security Settings and Reaffirmation of the APA Position Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Complaints regarding APA members.Īmerican Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/pst0000248Īmerican Psychological Association. Psychotherapists in danger: The ethics of responding to client threats, stalking, and harassment. doi:10.1037/pst0000262Įrickson Cornish JA, Smith RD, Holmberg JR, Dunn TM, Siderius LL. Psychotherapy in the #MeToo era: Ethical issues. The science of ethics: Deception, the resilient self, and the APA code of ethics, 1966-1973. Ethical considerations for addressing distorted beliefs in psychotherapy. The development of a code of ethical standards for psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association 2020 Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. For example, if a psychologist needs to administer a particular assessment in the course of treatment, they should have an understanding of both the administration and interpretation of that specific test.Īmerican Psychological Association. Psychologists must possess the skill and knowledge to properly provide the services that clients need. Competence: The training, education, and experience of psychologists is also an important ethical concern.Ethical guidelines dictate when and how some information might be shared, as well as some of the steps that psychologists should take to protect client privacy. However, sometimes a psychologist might need to share some details such as when consulting with other professionals or when they are publishing research. Confidentiality: Therapy requires providing a safe place for clients to discuss highly personal issues without fear of having this information shared with others or made public.When conducting research, informed consent involves letting participants know about any possible risks of taking part in the research. In therapy, obtaining informed consent involves explaining what services are offered, what the possible risks might be, and the patient’s right to leave treatment. When people are acting as consumers of psychological services, they have a right to know what to expect. The 4 main ethical principles, that is beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice, are defined and explained. Informed Consent: Psychologists are responsible for providing a wide range of services in their roles as therapists, researchers, educators, and consultants.When working with these individuals, psychologists must always strive to protect the welfare of their clients. Client Welfare: Due to the role they serve, psychologists often work with individuals who are vulnerable due to their age, disability, intellectual ability, and other concerns.This principle leads to the requirement that investigators take care not to exploit special categories of persons less able to refuse participation in research such as prisoners, mental patients, and children. Justice: The risks and benefits of research must be distributed fairly without creating differences in treatment among ethnic, racial, religious, sexual, or age defined classes. This principle leads to the requirement that the benefits to subjects or to humanity generally must be judged to outweigh the risks to subjects. Subjects must be protected from harm and their well being must be secured. Two general rules have been formulated as complementary expressions of beneficent actions in this sense: (1) do not harm and (2) maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harms. In this document, beneficence is understood in a stronger sense, as an obligation. The term “beneficence” is often understood to cover acts of kindness or charity that go beyond strict obligation. Such treatment falls under the principle of beneficence. This principle leads to the requirement of informed voluntary consent.īeneficence: Persons are treated in an ethical manner not only by respecting their decisions and protecting them from harm, but also by making efforts to secure their well-being. The principle of respect for persons thus divides into two separate moral requirements: (1) the requirement to acknowledge autonomy and (2) the requirement to protect those with diminished autonomy. Respect for persons incorporates at least two ethical convictions: (1) that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and (2) that persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection. Respect for Persons: Human subjects must be treated as autonomous and able to make responsible choices. These values include the respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. Medical ethics is based on a set of values that professionals can refer to in the case of any confusion or conflict. Basic ethical principles cited in the Belmont Report: Medical ethics is an applied branch of ethics which analyzes the practice of clinical medicine and related scientific research.
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